Personal Ethics Paper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1155 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/14 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Personal Ethics Development Constant Monroe University of Colorado PHL/325 Johnny Baskin January 26, 2010 Personal Ethics Development I make ethical decisions every day in my personal and professional lives. Some are easily made and others require some reflecting on the basis of the decision. Ethics is sometimes used interchangeable with values by some people. Pfeiffer Forsberg (2000) defines values â€Å"as principles that help us make decisions implementing the ethical point of view (p. 6. ). My ethical beliefs were forming over the years. I had several influences, parents, job, life experiences, and the environment in which I was exposed. My ethical beliefs are constantly being developed through training and experiences Organizations need ethical principles. According to Guido (2003), ethics provides structure for placing conduct into action. Define Ethics: Guido said â€Å"Many people envision ethics as dealing solely with principles of morality— that which is good or desirable as opposed to that which is bad or undesirable† (p. 2. ). Barrocas, Yarbrough, Becnel, Nelson (2003), defines ethics as a system or philosophy of conduct and principles, whereas morals give the boundaries for acceptable behavior. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Personal Ethics Paper" essay for you Create order Trevino Nelson ( 2007), defines ethics as â€Å"a set of moral principles or values,† a definition that portrays ethics as highly personal and relative. Personal Ethics: Ethics plays an important part in peoples everyday lives. As we think about what ethics is, it will help us to understand why it is needed in every workforce and how it affects us as a person. When I think about ethics and the standards used to judge right or wrong of people’s behavior they might have toward others always reminds me to be ethical and fair. The relativism aspect of my ethics started with teachings from my parents. My mother taught me always to treat others in the same way I would want them to treat me. Morals become a part of a person as he or she grows to exercise in his or her everyday living. My parents had 13 children, I am in the middle. My father was a smoker, but he forbade us from smoking. Two of my older brothers sneaked and smoked well until they were considered grown. As a younger sibling, my humanistic instinct let me know that certain rules were there just to be followed and not tested. It was instilled in us to say yes sir and no maam, this was rights-based. Today children are taught to say yes or no, but my children are teaching their children to say yes sir and no sir. My teaching for knowing right from wrong started at home, reading the bible, going to church and my interactions in school, my community, and my work helped build my morals, values, and ethical system. I use my underlying ethical system to model and effectively make ethical decisions. An ethical dilemma that I faced October, 2007 when I was interim department unit director sometimes creeps into my mind. I was challenged in that position because I became boss over the people I worked with instantly. My character and ethical business behavior are what helped me to succeed as a unit director among my peers. One of my coworkers had to be coached, mentored, sent to an eight hour computer class and gave one-on-one tutoring to help her with accurate and proficient documentation. The problem was that this registered nurse never adapted to EeMR (electronic medical record). She was an older nurse, that’s not the reason though, I am one also. The pieces were not clicking, a numerous amount of her work was going undocumented. This behavior was ongoing when the previous director was here. Her insufficiency became more apparent as we started on our magnet journey. The other staff members were frustrated for a long time but were not empowered to do anything about it. I sent her to the new employee computer class; I did on to one tutoring. When she was told that she didn’t document something, she would swear that it was done and she didn’t know why someone was out to get her. I started printing the pages of the undocumented work. She was making numerous medication errors also. Some of the patients were afraid to have her as their nurse. They said she took a long time to operate the pumps for their fluids and medicines. I had a duty base to the patients and an entitlement base to her to do what was necessary for the best outcome for all. I made a decision to ask her to retire or she could risk being fired. Human resources had enough evidence to let her go instantly. The criteria and decision- making factors I used in helping me to make sound ethical decisions are: recognizing a problem, developing an alternative course of action, evaluating all of the advantages and disadvantages that occurs, and mplementing the evaluated decision results. Organizations need ethics in order to achieve its direction and goals. The company’s message according to Damon (2004) â€Å"must have a center that holds a moral center that addresses the company’s responsibilities to the entire community of stakeholders, a center that has an interest in how the company operates† (p. 31). According to Treveno Nelson (2007), à ¢â‚¬Å"work settings, leaders, managers, and the entire cultural context are an important source of this influence and guidance. If, as managers, we allow employees to drift along without our guidance, we’re unintentionally allowing them to be â€Å"controlled† by others† (p. 11. ). A person who doesn’t apply their inward principles with that of the organization will have a fragmented life in which certain aspects of his or her conduct will be in disharmony with his/her performance. Trevino Nelson (2007) point was well taken when they said â€Å"ethical problems are not caused entirely by bad apples. They’re also the product of â€Å"bad barrels†Ã¢â‚¬â€organizational systems that either encourage unethical behavior or merely allow it to occur† (p. 9. ). Conclusion All of life’s experiences help to shape our ethical principles. Our character, morals, and values which were all formed from upbringing and the accumulation of values that are transmitted by schools, families, friends, work, environment, and religion. At my place of work, we have an ethical duty to our coworkers and the organization to hold each other accountable. Management must take responsibility for the messages it sends positive or negative about what’s expected (Trevino Nelson, 2007). References Barrocas, A. ,Yarbrough, G. , Becnel, P. , Nelson, J. E. (2003). Ethical and legal issues in utrition support of the geriatric patient: The can, should, and must of nutrition support. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 18(1), 37–47. Damon, W. (2004). The Moral Advantage: How to succeed in business by doing the right thing. San Francisco, CA Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc. Guido, G. (2006). Legal and Ethical Issues in Nursing. (4th ed. ). Prentice Hall Pfe iffer, R. Forsberg, R. (2000). Ethics on the Job. (2nd ed. ). Wadsworth Publishing Company. Trevino, L. K. , Nelson, K. A. (2007). Managing Business Ethics. Straight Talk About How to do it Right. (4th ed. ). John Wiley Sons

Political Campaign Contributions Is Not A New Practice

Bribing government officials running for office by way of political campaign contributions is not a new practice. A business donates a significant amount of money to a politician who then gives them a government contract they want in return whether it be monetary gain by way of the taxpayer or allowing them to break laws for the sake of their business. These practices come out of the pockets of taxpayers and many politicians serve jail time for them. There are several regulations put in place by the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board and by individual states. Recent studies in the past year, one done by Harvard University, have both suggested and concluded that the United States of America is no longer a democracy, but an oligarchy. An oligarchy is a form of government in which the richest people have the most power. It dates back to the time of the first colonies. Part of the United States being reclassified as an oligarchy may be due to the amount of government bribes the nation has going on at the present time. In the last presidential election in 2012, there was talk about large corporations giving the political candidates campaign contributions in order to buy them and it is a commonly discussed topic as of this day. Bribes given to the government are common in underdeveloped countries where the government is corrupt as this is an example of a corrupt practice. All levels of government from federal down to local have been caught in some sort ofShow MoreRelatedPolitical Scandals During The Twentieth Century986 Words   |  4 PagesCo rruption in campaigns, in the modern sense of candidates being swayed by corporate influence, was a result of the changes brought on by the Industrial and Technological Revolutions. 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Effects of Visual Merchandising in Woolworths †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Effects of Visual Merchandising in Woolworths. Answer: Effects of Visual Merchandising in Woolworths Limited Visual merchandising is a technology used by many business people to attract customers to buy their products or to use their services by just creating a good impression to them through that technology. This method of merchandising has been adopted by many companies so as to create an impression to many customers and hence increase profits. The visual merchandising has a direct impact on the sales of goods and hence retailers who use this method have a high chance of selling their goods more than those who use other methods (Simondi et al. 2014). This method dates back in 1900 when a company called marshall shifted its business from wholesale to retail (Riecken et al. 2016). After the shift from wholesale to retail, this company saw it necessary to display their products in a manner which could attract many customers. They put the display on the windows or on the wall outside the business sites to attract customers. From that time, many businesses attracted the method and hence started using it to promote their businesses. Due to the development of this method of creating awareness to customers, this study will focus on looking for the effects of the method either negative or positive. The study will be done at Woolworths limited company. It will be based on customers so as to get the best results and make good recommendations which are reliable. Project objectives The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of visual merchandising for products. The following are the other objectives of the study. To evaluate the attitude of customers towards merchandising of products To discuss the rate of growth of retails which use visual merchandising To evaluate the role of visual merchandising in retails To estimate customers who basically buy products due to merchandising Research questions What is the effect of visual merchandising for products? What is the attitude of customers towards merchandising of products? What is the rate of growth of retails which use visual merchandising for their products? What is the role of visual merchandising in retails? What is the percentage of customers who basically buy products due to visual merchandising? Project scope This study will be carried out at Woolworths limited. This company has been chosen because it is one of the leading retails in Australia and has also extended to New Zealand. Since this company is a leading company and covers greater geographical area in Australia, it will be the best company to base the study on since during data collection the researcher will encounter different customers from different parts of the world. The researcher will also be able to interact with the employees of the company hence know how they carry out visual merchandising so as to attract many customers. This will lay a foundation for further research and reliable recommendations. Literature review Visual merchandising refers to anything which can be seen by the customers either inside a store or outside the store and which creates an impression about the products which are in the store (Valiulis et al. 2015). The display affects the attitude of the customer either positively or negatively and it is the one which makes the customer make a decision whether to buy a given product or not to buy it. One consumer can be affected negatively by a certain display while another can be affected positively by the same display hence it depends on the perspective of the customer towards the display. Factors to consider while carrying out visual merchandising There are many factors which should be considered while carrying out visual merchandising. The following discussion will summarize some of the factors to consider. Colors Colors are one of the main factors which should consider while carrying out visual merchandising. Different people have a different feeling towards different colors. One person can see red color as pleasant hence making him or her purchase a product which is advertised in that color. Another person can decline to buy the same product due to the color used to advertise it. There is a need for the retailers to carry out a research so as to know which colors attract customers more hence use them to carry out the display of the products so as to attract those many customers. The color also depends on the type of product which is being displayed and also its purpose and the targeted consumers. Simplicity The display should be kept simple and clear for the customers to see well. Dim displays make customers have negative impressions about the product (Kurmar and Mishra 2016). The retailers should make sure that the visual display is not dim and does not have pictures which create a bad impression about the product. Grouping The products to be displayed should be grouped in an organized manner. The retailers should not display items which are not related as they will not create a good impression to the consumers. The products should be shown and not talked about (Banol et al. 2016). Items which are similar should be put in the same place so as to show how they will look like if a customer purchases them. Be specific During the display, one should be specific and direct to the product and its benefits to the consumers (Shagal et al. 21016). The display should be designed in a way which shows both the benefit and the cost associated with the product. This helps in creating an impression to the customers since they are able to directly know how they will benefit from the product. Tag price The price of the product should be tagged on the product to make sure all the customers are able to see it. This will make them feel free to ask why it is sold at that price unlike when the customers need to be told the price. Price displayed is more appealing than the price which customers have to be told (Zentes et al. 2017). Challenges of visual merchandising The main challenge which is faced in visual merchandising is the main components of implementation. The following discussion will highlight some of those components and how they pose a challenge to the retailers. Attention-grabbing displays are one of the components which pose a challenge to the retailers during visual merchandising. To come up with displays which attract the attention of the customers is not an easy task. This is because the display can be appealing to some customers and at the same time it can create a bad impression to another customer. This makes the decision of how to make the displays a great challenge. Costs associated with the visual merchandising are another challenge for the process. The retailers can pay a lot of money for specialized people to come up with a good display which will attract people only to end up getting a display which does not impress the customers. Proper research should be done to make sure that the colors used for the display are appealing to the customers. Priorities given to visual merchandising is also another challenge for retailers. They have many issues to deal with like how to maintain profits in their industries and how they can handle employees to get the best out of them. In that process, they end up forgetting visual merchandising which is very important in attracting customers hence the retails may not have significant growth. Retailers also dont value the impact of visual merchandising hence the customers may not be able to know the products which are in the market. This may lead to low sales which will contribute to low profits. Research gaps There are many research gaps related to visual merchandising. The following discussion will highlight some of those gaps. The discussion will lay a base for areas which need further research. Time allocation Many scholars have suggested different times which should be spent on carrying out visual Merchandising. However, they dont give out the reasons for the suggested time and hence there is need to carry out an extensive research which will outline the main reasons for different timelines. Colors Displays of visual merchandising create different impacts to different people. Researchers have commented that some colors may lead to customers failing to buy a certain product. However, there are no reasons why those colors create either positive impacts to certain people and create negative impacts to other people. Why do people love colors and they are just paints also remains unknown. The reasons why products which are associated with certain religion also remain un researched. Effects of visual merchandising Extensive research has not also been done regarding the effects of visual merchandising. The already existing research has only be based on the impressions which visual merchandising has towards customers but not the level of impacts either positive or negative towards the consumers. Proper research should be done to know the level and this research is based on all those gaps so as to give out recommendations which will make it more valid. Research design and methodology Research methodology is a well-defined procedure which is scientific based and uses statistical methods to carry out an investigation about a problem or a claim (Wiek and Lang 2016). The research design is a conceptual frame work within a research is conducted. It gives a blueprint for data collection and analysis. This section will explain how the study will be carried out. Type of research This research will be a quantitative research. Quantitative research is an empirical process of investigation which is based on numerical data and is carried out using statistical methods (Mackey and Gass 2015). There are twelve parts of quantitative research. The following section will discuss the twelve sections. The first step of quantitative research is the formulation of the research problem. In this step, the researcher comes up with the problem which he or she wants to do research on. The problem should be researchable and should be able for one to collect empirical data (Mc Millan and Schumarcher 2014). The second step of this study is a formulation of the objectives of the study. The researcher comes up with objectives which will guide the research and should be met at the end of the study. Those objectives should be in line with the literature review gaps and they also rhyme with the research questions and the topic under study (Neuman and Robson 2014). The next step is the scope of the project whereby the researcher gives out the specific area where the study will be carried on and give justification why he chose the specified area and not any other place. The next step is literature review where the researcher reviews the already existing literature on the topic under study. This gives the researcher a solid background about the topic and also makes him or her be able to know the research gaps in the topic under study (Claydon 2015). The next step is research methodology where the researcher comes up with the formula which will be used to carry out the study. The research methodology should be scientific and should use statistical and mathematical methods. The next step is whereby the researcher explains the kind of the research he or she will carry out. There are two types of study either quantitative or qualitative. The researcher explains the type of research and why he or she will carry out that type of research. The next step is the method of data collection where the researcher explains the kind of data he or she will collect based on the type of the study (Yegidis et al. 2017). There follows the step of data analysis. In this step the researcher transforms the collected data into information. The next step is the step of communicating the findings of the research whereby the researcher gives out the details of the research findings after data analysis. The last step, is the step of recommendation whereby the researcher makes recommendations based on the analyzed data. Target population This research will be carried on Woolworths limited. The researcher will seek permission from the administration to carry out the study. The target population will be the customers who will be coming to the retail. The researcher will give a designed questionnaire for them to fill. Sampling and sample size The researcher will not use any sampling method to select the sample size of the study. This is because customers do not come at the retail all at once hence it will be hard to use sampling procedures. However, the researcher will collect data from 300 consumers who will be coming to the retail for a period of one week. The participants will be given a questionnaire to fill and once the sample size is reached the researcher will stop the process of data collection. Instrumentation Questionnaires will be the main tool for data collection. A questionnaire is well-structured document which contains questions about a given topic under study and whose main work is to collect data for that specified topic (Barnham 2015). There are many advantages associated with using questioners for data collection. One of the advantages is that it saves time as many participants can fill it at once hence saving time. Also, questioners have specific questions which are directly related to the topic under study hence the data collected is reliable and not biased. Due to these advantages, the researcher has decided to use questionnaires as the main tool for data collection. Research limitations This research has some limitations associated with it. One of the main limitations of this study that the customers may not be willing to participate hence some important data may be left out. Also, the time to carry out the study very limited hence the researcher may not have humble time to comprehensively carry out the study. The study will only access impacts visual merchandising and will not discuss how different retails have solved some challenges concerning the visual merchandising hence it is limited in scope. Time schedule This study will be carried out for a period of two months. the following table will summarize the time schedule of the study. First month first week 1. Evaluation of the theoretical part of the study 2. Understanding the theory related to the study second week 1. Designing the questioners Third week 1. Data collection fourth week 1. Evaluating the data collected second month first week 1. Data analysis second week 1. Data analysis third week 1. Communication of the findings fourth week 1. Recommendations Conclusion This research will be focus on the impacts of visual merchandising. The discussion of the attitudes of customers based on the level of visual merchandising will also be discussed. This will lay a base for other researchers to know how they should carry out the process of visual merchandising. Also, the growth rate of retails which use visual merchandising will be discussed to evaluate if they have a high growth rate than those who dont use or it is vice versa. This will give other retails to make a decision on whether to use the method or not to use. The role of visual merchandising will also be discussed so as to make sure all the retails have a solid background about the method. This discussion will create insights on the and hence lead good decisions of those people who use this method as a way of attracting customers. It will also give out recommendations of what should be done to improve the level of visual merchandising. Bibliography Baos, R., Baos, R., Wandosell, G., Wandosell, G., Parra, M.C. and Parra, M.C., 2016. Web GIS to enhance relational capital: the case of general merchandise retailers.Journal of Knowledge Management,20(3), pp.578-593. Barnham, C., 2015. Quantitative and qualitative research: Perceptual foundations.International Journal of Market Research,57(6), pp.837-854. Claydon, L.S., 2015. Rigour in quantitative research.Nursing Standard,29(47), pp.43-48. kumar Mishra, A. and Mishra, P.P., 2016. " Lift the veil to sell" Concept to Visual Merchandising.Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics,3(1), pp.50-80. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. McMillan, J.H. and Schumacher, S., 2014.Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry. Pearson Higher Ed. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2014.Basics of social research. Pearson Canada. Riecken, G., Yavas, U. and Battle, C., 2016. Pre-owned merchandise buying: a neglected retailing phenomenon. InProceedings of the 1979 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 58-61). Springer, Cham. Shagal, S., Shagal, G. and Sharma, A., 2016. KEYWORDS Visual Merchandising, Retail, Colour, Lighting, Space, Product Information.VISUAL MERCHANDISING: A KEY ELEMENT IN RETAIL INDUSTRY, (110). Simondi, R., Hovel, D. and Hovel, R., Rubicon, Inc., 2014.Merchandise display system and method. U.S. Patent 8,657,391. Valiulis, T.E. and Sisney, S.W., Southern Imperial, Inc., 2015.Retail merchandise display strip. U.S. Patent D723,845. Wiek, A. and Lang, D.J., 2016. Transformational sustainability research methodology. InSustainability Science(pp. 31-41). Springer Netherlands. Yegidis, B.L., Weinbach, R.W. and Myers, L.L., 2017.Research methods for social workers. Pearson. Zentes, J., Morschett, D. and Schramm-Klein, H., 2017. Retail Branding and Positioning. InStrategic Retail Management(pp. 185-206). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.

Political and Economic Effect on Mass Media free essay sample

Mass media are important functions of political literacy of citizens and an important channel of political communication (Louw,2010). Without Internet, television, newspapers and magazines, even well-educated people can not properly navigate the complex mosaic of conflicting political processes to make responsible decisions. Media allow them to think outside the box directly to individual experience doing foreseeable world politics, but through the prism of their own vision of political reality. However, there are powers that can affect mass media and it’s content. Media content can be affected by political and economic factors in these ways: the articulation of the public interest, government control on the media, political way of communication with society, economic environment. Therefore, the aim of the essay is to theorize, explain and provide concrete examples of how media can be affected by economic and political factors. Media content is the basis of modern operation policy as citizens receive political information, form their own political views and beliefs, and are able to influence the functioning of the government largely due to the media. We will write a custom essay sample on Political and Economic Effect on Mass Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A. Sen (1999) in his book â€Å"Development as Freedom† noted about political communication what involves not one-sided signals from the elite to the masses, and the whole range of informal communication processes in society that have a very different impact on policy. Louw divided political practice into two types: elite politics and mass politics. â€Å"Elite politics is aimed to make a policy while mass politics is a mass audience that can be manipulated, directed and distracted† (2010,pp. 16). Unfortunately, elite politics can abuse the power it has on hiding the truth. As example can be used an accident happened with a famous journalist Anna Politovskaya. She was writing truth about â€Å"Dirty War† between Russian and Chechnya, while Vladimir V. Putin was a president of Russia, and was killed in 7 of October 2006 by the murder who is yet unknown (NYtimes, 2009). At the turn of XXI century we can see a tendency to use media for political campaign and president elections to affect people’s choice. The 2009 Presidential election, Obama’s spin-team directed by campaign advisor of Barak Obama -David Axelrod, developed enormously expensive full spectrum campaign using all options including political marketing techniques and mass media. Obama’s team promoted the concept that not voting for Obama translated into racial discrimination (Louw,2010). The budget of 3 million dollars was spent for the online mass media. More than 1800 videos, audience could watch in Youtube (Croteau, Hoynes and Milan, 2012), and one of the most popular music videos with celebrities, which over 24 million people watched, called â€Å"Yes We Can† (WeCan08 2008). On the other hand, elite politics usually do beneficial laws and regulations for audience by creating restrictions and boundaries on media such as controlling the censorship in videos, radio stations, news and publications. Censorship is the limitation of speech or other ways of communication, which can be identified as harmful and sensitive and controlled by government or other controlling body (censorshipinamerica, n. d. ). The video â€Å" The Innocence of Muslims†, which brought lots of sparking riots, was blocked in Youtube by some countries. In other countries due to this video governments banned Youtube. York, 2012). Another example is that Chinese government spends huge amount of resources into controlling censorship in the online media content available to its citizens (Chen, 2011). Some governments blocks online media or tv media for their citizens due to specific reasons. The Chinese Government blocked access to Google due to the top popularity among users (BBCnews, 2002). Political actions between specific countries and the hostile international relations, which later can be a part of the history, are important factors that can affect media content. As example might be used an impact of terrorism on mass media. Terrorism is an action of using violence, danger to fright or to force usually for political interest ( Seib and Janbek, 2011). The terrorist attack that killed nearly 3000 people at the World Trade Center and Pentagon on 11th September 2001 and declaration of the war in Afganistan (BBC, n. d. ) influenced media in a whole world. When George W. Bush blamed Al Qaida terrorist network created by Osama bin Laden about 9/11 attack ( Seib and Janbek, 2011), the media oozed hatred calling for anti Arab and Muslim people. The word â€Å"Jidahist† was highlighted in newspapers. As P. Bergen and J. Rowland wrote, the meaning of the word â€Å"Jidahist† is terrorist associated with or motivated by Al Qaeda (Bergen amp; Rowland, 2012). Sumbul Ali-Karamali in the CNN blog wrote a post about American Muslim’s lives in fear after 9/11 2001 (Ali-Kamarali, 2012). These political-historical time and religion prejudice became the main motivation in 2010 to create a Bollywood movie with the famous actor Shahrukh Khan called â€Å"My name is Khan† (MNIK, n. d. ). This movie is about post 9/11 prejudice, and it carries an important essence that Muslim people are not â€Å"Jihadist† (funmuch, 2010). Therefore, Rizwan, the hero of that movie, wants to prove that if the name is Islamic doesn’t mean that he or she is a terrorist. Thus, he takes challenges to meet the president and say to him â€Å"My name is Khan and I am not a terrorist† (funmuch,2010). Media industry plays a significant role and also dominates in the market place. This business, as well as others, have competitors, earn profit, produce goods and sale these to the society. Without doubt the media firms and its content can be affected by economic factors such as size of the market, inflation, high fixed cost and economic growth (Sloman and Wride, 2009). The number of media outlets and industries mainly depend on increasing or decreasing of market size. Thus, markets with larger population have more different media products than less populated markets (GAO,2008). Therefore, in larger market there is a product differentiation that changes the media content. For example, mass media produces magazines narrowly targeted to any taste of audience such as Forbes business magazine, Cosmopolitan fashion magazine, Hit FM or Retro FM radio stations and others. Another factor of influencing the media industries is high fixed cost. Fixed cost is the cost of producing a single unit of production ignoring the total number produced (Sloman and Wride, 2009). Usually newspapers and cable television industries have high fixed cost and it may affect number of media products than media content (Albarran, 2002). Advertising income is important for the survival of media. Therefore, during inflation period advertising presence can dramatically decrease from the content of media, because inflation factor refers to a general rise in the level of prices for goods and services. During the inflation, media industries on the specific amount of money purchase less resources and goods than before (Albaraan, 2002). Advertising and economic growth are best friends in the market. Moreover, advertising is the one of demand determinants in economy (Albaraan, 2009). Society makes the choice for which goods and service to pay with the help of advertising. Nowadays, advertising is the power of economics. Greater supply of advertising in media content is usually inside of successful and popular media industries such as Cosmopolitan, Facebook, MTV channel and others. It follows people everywhere; in underground trains, newspapers, Internet, television, before movies and even inside movies. The advertising of branded goods or service placed inside movies, music, TV shows is called product placement. Companies pay lots of money to present their product inside of the Hollywood films( Croteau, Hoynes and Milan, 2012). For example Apple product placement can be found in movies such as â€Å"Sex in the City†, â€Å"Breaking Down, Twilight saga†, â€Å"Mission Impossible† and many others Hollywood movies and TV shows. It is clear to see that main tasks of media content in the policy are the motivation of people to certain political actions and controlling of transmitted information or censorship using media. Main economic factors of media content are size of the market and economic growth. Media content has great possibilities to influence the minds and feelings of the people in their way of thinking, methods and evaluation criteria, the style and the specific motivations of political behavior. Therefore, there are negative and positive possibilities of political and economic factors to manage information of media content. 434 words References Albaraan, A. (2002) Media economics. (2nd edition). Iowa: Iowa State Press. Ali-Kamarali, S. (2012). Opinion: American Muslim live in the fear 11 years after 9/11. CNN. com Blog, [blog] 11 September. Available at: lt;http://inamerica. blogs. cnn. com/2012/09/11/opinion-american-muslims-li ve-in-fear-11-years-after-911/gt; [Accessed on 14 December 2012]. BBC, n. d. 9/11 and the road to war. BBC History online, [online]. Available at: lt;http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/events/the_september_11th_terrorist_attacks gt; [ Accessed on 13 December 2012]. BBC News (2002). China blocking Google. BBC News online, [online] 2 September. Available at: lt;http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/technology/2231101. stmgt; [Accessed on 10 December 2012]. Bergen, P. and Rowland, J. (2012). 11 years after 9/11: Who are the terrorists. CNN Online, [online] 11 September. Available at: lt;http://edition. cnn. com/2012/09/11/opinion/bergen-terror-september-11/index. htmlgt; [Accessed on 14 December 2012]. Cencorshipamerica, n. d. What is Censorship?. [online] Available at: lt;http://censorshipinamerica. com/what-is-censorship/gt; [Accessed on 10 December 2012]. Chen, S. (2011). China tightens internet censorship controls. BBC News online, [online] 4 May. Available at:lt;http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13281200gt; [Accessed on 10 December 2012]. Croteau D. , Hoyness W. amp; Milan S. (2012) Media / society. (4th Edition). USA: SAGE Publications Inc. Sloman, J. , Wride, A. (2009) Economics. (7th edition). London: Prentice Hall. Funmuch (2010). My Name is Khan Overview. [online] Available at: lt;http://movies. funmunch. com/my-name-is-khan/story. html gt; [Accessed on 14 December 2012]. GAO (2008) Media Ownership [pdf]. Available at: lt;http://www. gao. gov/new. items/d08383. pdfgt; [Accessed on 17 December 2012] Louw, E. (2010). The Media amp; Political Process. (2nd Edition). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. MNIK (n. d). My Name is Khan. [online] Available at: lt;http://www. mynameiskhanthefilm. com/gt; [Accessed on 14 December 2012]. NYtimes (2009). ‘Anna Politovskaya’, New York Times Online. [online] 26 june. Available at: lt;http://topics. nytimes. com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/p/anna_politkovskaya/index. html gt; [Accessed on 2 December 2012]. Seib,P. and Janbek,D. M. , 2011. Global Terrorism and new Media. New York:Routledge. Sen, A. (1999). Development as Freedom. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc. York, C. (2012). YouTube’s Censorship of Anti-Islam Video Raises Numerous Questions Around Online Free  Expression. [online] Available at: lt;http://censorshipinamerica. com/2012/09/20/youtubes-censorship-of-anti-islam-video-raises-numerous-questions-around-online-free-expression/gt; [Accessed on 10 December 2012]. WeCan08 (2008). Yes We Can- Barak Obama Music Video. Available at: lt;http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=jjXyqcx-mYYgt; [Accessed on 7 December 2012].

A Critique of Neuroscience-The New Philosophy Essay Example

A Critique of Neuroscience A Critique of Neuroscience-The New Philosophy Essay A Critique of Neuroscience-The New Philosophy Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: A Critique of Neuroscience-The New Philosophy The discourse, Neuroscience-The New Philosophy, by V.S Ramachandran, illustrates Ramachandran’s viewpoints on neuroscience. In the discussion, Ramachandran delves on discovering reasons as to why particular patients have specific kinds of symptoms when faced with mental illnesses and the reason for their differences across diverse mental illnesses. In addition, Ramachandran explains how indispensable formations and structures within the brain can lead to peculiar behaviors in mental infirmity. The discourse mainly focuses on three approaches based on mental illnesses. These approaches include the effect of chemical imbalances, the Darwinian or Neuropsychiatry approach and the Freudian approach. The discourse offers a different viewpoint on mental illness. It also provides a deep insight and provides explanations on mental infirmity. Thus, assessing the article provides the basis for critiquing Ramachandran’s discussion on mental illness. Much of Ramachandran’s discourse is centered on the disposition of consciousness. He does this by assessing a number of mental states and anomalies that are abnormal and some that are deemed as similar to madness. Additionally, assessment of the different mental infirmities provides foundation in recognizing the brain imaging. Through imaging, knowledge is gained on how the brain functions. To illustrate this, Ramachandran uses a disorder such as hysteria. Based on medical connotations, hysteria illustrates a condition where the patient, in the event of developing a paralysis of a leg or an arm or blindness, possesses null neurological deficits that could be reason for his symptoms. Through this disorder, imaging is used to determine the normal function of the brain by recognizing that the brain is actually ordinary. Additionally, imaging has provided knowledge on the sections of the brain that are active or inactive when a specific action or mental process is carried out. Secondly, Ramachandran focuses on the aspect of free will. By using hysteria as an example, the disorder is viewed as an abnormality of free will thus confirming that hysteria is purely due to psychological defects. In the discourse, free will is deemed as a delusion and an irrelevant explanation on the functions of the brain. Based on experiments conducted on free will such as the EEG experiment, it was discovered that the brain sends signals earlier before a person expresses the will to engage in the specific process. Such a discovery only discredits the philosophical principle of free will. Equally, free will illustrates the ability of agents to make decisions unrestricted by definite factors such as mental constraints. However, the fact that consciousness does not determine other actions performed by an agent only exemplifies free will as an illusion. Finally, Ramachandran discusses the Sense of Self. Based on Ramachandran’s assertions, mental illnesses can be seen as disturbances or impairments of the self and consciousness. However, using the insinuations, ‘consciousness’ and ‘self’, Ramachandran alleges that explaining mental illnesses using such assertions is ignorant. In order to explain the problem arising from definition of the self, the author uses the problem of qualia. Qualia are simply subjective sensations. Thus, through the awareness of sensations, the constituents of the consciousness and the self are attached to neuroscience. Ramachandran is able to use qualia in determining the locations in the brain and the functions that enable derivation as well as the qualities that constitute the Sense of Self. In conclusion, Ramachandran borders on various approaches and even constitutes a supplementary approach in order to explain the nature of self. Various factors that comprise the Sense of Self such as consciousness and free will are controversial fields that blur the line between neurology and philosophy. Nevertheless, it is evident that uncovering consciousness in the context of mental illness is a problem that is difficult to ascertain in the field of neuroscience.

Free Essays on Bigger Thomas Masculinity Challenged In Native Son

Bigger Thomas’ masculinity is often challenged in Native Son. The females he interacts with challenge it. None of the females in Native Son are independent; the females are of no real importance until they are in relation to males’ figures of authority (Clause, np). The women are only in relation to the husbands, sons, fathers, brothers and boyfriends: without them they could not function alone in this novel. The sole purpose of the women in this novel is to further the story. They further the story by putting Bigger in new and more dangerous situations by questioning or threatening his male authority. Native Son starts out with a rat in the apartment on Bigger and his family. Bigger kills the rat that attacked his leg and he comes to the understanding he would either kill himself or someone else (Wright, 14). This logic stays with Bigger throughout the novel. He knows if he wanders aimlessly in life that his dreams and ambitions will be killed. He, himself with no longer and exist because his thoughts and ideas will no longer be his own. Bigger puts up fences and defends him in anyway that he can, including violence. Throughout the novel Bigger’s defenses increase and he defends himself with increasing violence and hostility. Bigger is always defensive about his self-image, especially his masculinity. Mary Dalton, Mrs. Thomas, Bessie Mears and Mrs. Dalton all have one sole purpose in the novel and that is to create a feeling of insecurity in Bigger Thomas’ life. Mrs. Thomas is the most intimidating female in Bigger’s life; she is his mother. She nags Bigger hoping to influence changes in his life. All she accomplishes to make Bigger more angry and hostile. Bigger dies not have much respect for his mother because he feels she blindly and passively accepts her living conditions, not just the place she calls home, but also her place in society and life. Mrs. Thomas insults her son while he is trying t... Free Essays on Bigger Thomas' Masculinity Challenged In Native Son Free Essays on Bigger Thomas' Masculinity Challenged In Native Son Bigger Thomas’ masculinity is often challenged in Native Son. The females he interacts with challenge it. None of the females in Native Son are independent; the females are of no real importance until they are in relation to males’ figures of authority (Clause, np). The women are only in relation to the husbands, sons, fathers, brothers and boyfriends: without them they could not function alone in this novel. The sole purpose of the women in this novel is to further the story. They further the story by putting Bigger in new and more dangerous situations by questioning or threatening his male authority. Native Son starts out with a rat in the apartment on Bigger and his family. Bigger kills the rat that attacked his leg and he comes to the understanding he would either kill himself or someone else (Wright, 14). This logic stays with Bigger throughout the novel. He knows if he wanders aimlessly in life that his dreams and ambitions will be killed. He, himself with no longer and exist because his thoughts and ideas will no longer be his own. Bigger puts up fences and defends him in anyway that he can, including violence. Throughout the novel Bigger’s defenses increase and he defends himself with increasing violence and hostility. Bigger is always defensive about his self-image, especially his masculinity. Mary Dalton, Mrs. Thomas, Bessie Mears and Mrs. Dalton all have one sole purpose in the novel and that is to create a feeling of insecurity in Bigger Thomas’ life. Mrs. Thomas is the most intimidating female in Bigger’s life; she is his mother. She nags Bigger hoping to influence changes in his life. All she accomplishes to make Bigger more angry and hostile. Bigger dies not have much respect for his mother because he feels she blindly and passively accepts her living conditions, not just the place she calls home, but also her place in society and life. Mrs. Thomas insults her son while he is trying t...

Ethics and governance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics and governance - Case Study Example 1. The appointments of Kong as president of board, and Watson as vice president of the board after the company went public could have a negative impact upon the operations of the organisation. These two individuals had been the CEO and deputy CEO for the company, respectively, when the company was undergoing financial constraints. Maintaining these individuals within the board brings a negative impression to the organisation as they played significant role in the collapse of the organisation. 2. The board should have sought the accurate financial reports and not have relied on the decisions being made by Kong and Watson. The board should also have been provided with the market information of the telephone networks sector to make an educated judgment regarding venturing into the business. 3. In the collapse of the corporate, executive members were involved in making wrong decisions, through their desires to keep the factual financial position of the company hidden from the general pub lic. The non-executive members failed on their part to monitor the financial performance and relied on information provided by Watson members, which was mostly untrue. 4. Within the corporation numerous ethical issues surrounding the conduct of Joe Kong and Jeff Watson, the CEO and Deputy CEO respectively. These breaches could have been avoided through initiating control measures and monitoring the decisions that these executives made for the organisation.

Intergrated public health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intergrated public health - Essay Example althy life expectancy, life expectancy at birth for males and females, as well as inequality in the life expectancy during birth in both females and males. This data is essential to public health workers since it offers the real figure of the population in Newham. Data collected helps public health workers to budget on how to attend to the community. Local authorities Marmot Indicators were developed in order to offer information that supports monitoring the strategic direction, which reduces health inequalities. The Health Equity Institute in collaboration with the England’s Public Health launched marmot Indicators 2014 (Pfeffer, 2010, p. 78) They are the social health determinants, social inequality and health outcomes, which broadly correspond to a number of policy recommendations that are proposed in Healthy Lives in any Fair Society. Data offered to public health workers greatly benefits public health workers since it covers households that do not reach a minimum income standard. Additionally, it tackles work related illness in Newham, fuel poverty for the high cost of fuel in households, unemployment levels, mature individuals that are not employed, trained or educated as well as percentage of individuals that use outdoor locations for health reasons and exercises (Meerabeau & Wright, 2011, p.

Patents and Intellectual Property Essay Example for Free

Patents and Intellectual Property Essay Patents and Intellectual Property Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A patent is a set of rights given exclusively to an individual or firm by an independent nation to the inventor or discoverer for a given duration in exchange for detailed information on the details of the inventions or discovery (Foray 28). Inventions that can be patented are new products, processes of manufacturing, improvements to an existing product or process, new chemical compounds or compositions, or processes relating of an existing manufacturing process (Perelman n.p.). This form of intellectual property encourages the economic and technological development by rewarding intellectual creativity. Patents are a crucial part for advancements in science based professions such as medicine, biotechnology, computers and even drug chemistry. These advancements have born great fruits which have all been aimed at improving the life of mankind. In this paper, the strengths and weaknesses of patent laws and foreign investment, trade, innovation, public health, generic resources and traditional knowledge will be discussed. Patent laws have improved the life of investors greatly, this has led to greater determinations in patenting other products, and in the process, greater, and discoveries that are more useful have been made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Patents laws are set up to ensure that the owner of intellectual property benefits from his or her invention. The law gives the owner freedom of choice to do what they require with the invention as long as it does not conflict with other existing laws. The inventor can sell the patent at any market price they believe is commensurable, they can license the patent to others for use and in the process collect royalties from the users which increases their financial stability (Gold 135). Patent laws also offers a sense of protection to the inventors for the stipulated time (usually twenty years), and this approach usually is a disadvantage to the competitors in the same line of work. These laws also prohibit dealing with patented goods without permission from the patent holder and this ensures that pirating of patented goods or services is a prosecutable case whereby one can be sentenced to jail or heavily fined (Perelman n.p.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong patent laws are a major attraction to foreign investors who are assured of the protection of their goods or services. They are thus confident about imitations of their product, which has lead to an increased net demand of their products leading to higher marginal profits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The intellectual laws act as an attraction and assurance to foreign investors as their business is enabled a fair play ground to compete with existing indigenous firms (Smarzynska 41). Strong patent laws also offer a location attraction to foreign investors opting for areas with enhanced patent laws. This has lead to further development and improvement of economies of such areas as compared to areas whose laws are not well established. Stronger intellectual property rights can be a deterrent to new foreign investors since existing firms may have already established large market bases which may not be easy to break through. With this kind of market, monopolistic ventures may mushroom to the disadvantage of consumers since they may overprice their commodities due to lack of competitors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Patent laws create ownership advantages conferring to firms serving the foreign markets (Cooter, Ulen 124). Through the provision of legal redress against any violations, markets are expanded and increase in both multilateral and bilateral trades. Patent laws increase bilateral exchange to foreign markets by reducing the costs associated with preventing loss of knowledge assets. Such costs consist of foregone revenues resulting from reduced bilateral exchange and or expenses incurred to make knowledge assets difficult to imitate especially when the destination country has strong imitative abilities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strong intellectual property laws can increase market power and even though strong laws enhance ownership advantage, this enhanced ownership can increase or decrease bilateral exchange. The market power concept holds that strong rights reduce bilateral exchange by ensuring a temporary monopoly over the protected knowledge. This market power is attributed to the patent holder, whether domestic or foreign. Firms that secure strong patent protection in foreign markets can exercise their market power by restricting quantity and increasing the unit price of bilateral exchange to that market (Fink and Primo 26).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Forays (13), strong patent laws provide incentives for people and firms to invest in research. Where there exists strong patent laws, inventors and innovators are energized since any benefits are accrued to them. With weak patent laws a free market economy fails to induce an optimal investment in research, development and innovation, since investors would not be able to recoup the full benefit from their investment. Patent laws also give strong ownership advantages to firms in developed countries, which encourage them to transfer their technology to developing countries through market channels at a cost. Strong patent laws may also be a disadvantage since they may lead to increased market power which results in high cost of technology transfer. In cases where there exist weak patent laws, this provides a loophole for technology transfer in non-market channels which would greatly disadvantage the innovators.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Patents are important to pharmaceutical firms as they help in appropriating the benefits to the innovators. Moreover, products and the development process are protected from imitators in order to avoid replication of same drug. The process of drug development is quite costly averaging at about 1billion US dollars for the actual discovery, development and regulation approval (Shimasaki, 123). However, patenting novel drugs is essential and only beneficial in developed countries where many firms may want to set up drug manufacturing firms. According to Vernon (14), the expensive process of research and development is usually compensated by profits, which arise from patent protection. Patent laws in drug development are quite complicated since while patenting new drug protects the producers from unscrupulous firms may also increase the cost of the drugs thus making them unaffordable to needy people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The process of patenting innovations in public health may be long and tiresome which may discourage innovations. However due to emergence of tropical diseases in the developing world patenting may act as an incentive for continued research in both drug development and innovations of new procedures for their early diagnosis and treatment. All this will lead to improved health care for patients especially in developing countries where cost of drugs is beyond the reach of the majority who are struggling. Patent laws encourage the development of medicinal compounds or products. These conditions being rare are not economically viable for the pharmaceutical firms since the profits margins are so minimal thus little research is channeled towards them. However, through patenting, firms that delve into this kind of research because they are protected exclusively thus giving them the sole ownership rights to manufacture and distribute them at a give n cost (Gold 131-132). This enables them to make profits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weak patent laws in the health sector have been associated by rise of firms, which exploit the whole process of drug development. Drug imitators can benefit from innovators’ free approval and produce duplicate drugs at a much lower cost relative to the real cost of discovering and developing the new product. Patenting the genetic resources and traditional knowledge ensures that people who participated in the development of the new information are acknowledged for the work they have done. To scholars being acknowledged builds confidence in them and is a motivator for them to work even harder. By them being acknowledged, it shows that they become authorities in their specific fields, which further leads to production of more accurate and high quality new knowledge. Patent laws regarding information are in conflict with human rights since patent information should be made public for the benefit of all. It is not easy to relate patent l aws and human rights since it exist in different perspectives on the same depending on the contributors (Gold 186). As such, information should be easily accessible at minimal cost affordable to all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In production of pharmaceuticals, patents laws restricted patent term to 20 years, this was disadvantageous to people who developed drugs for infrequent illness because sales of the drugs could not give adequate returns within the period. It was until 1984 that the congress amended the drug act by coming up with orphan drugs act that extended the period of patents to 25 years in order to allow developers to pay-back the cost of development and get profits (Gold 132). In addition, patent restricted use of available drugs for research of new drugs development. This presented a challenge to development of new and generic drugs until when the congress amended the patent laws to allow use of drugs for research purposes. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Patent laws have more strength compared to weaknesses but it depends on the patent issue. Through patenting, the innovators and inventors are not only recognized as the owner of the emerging products but they also have various benefits such as financial gains to payback on the capital invested. The patent are only limited to 20 years, which in some cases is disadvantageous to products with weak marketing such as orphan drugs. The government intervention has resulted in developers reaping high profits for their ideas, and products over a given period. The weakness of patent is limitation on research where they restrict third party from using the original product or idea to develop new product thus slowing research and improvements of the existing ones. Hence, caution is necessary to ensure that patenting does not give rise to monopolies, which would discourage competition at the expense of the consumers. References Cooter, Robert and Ulen, Thomas. Intellectual Property in Law and Economics 5th ed. Toronto: Pearson, 2008. Fink, Carsten. and C.A. Primo Braga. ‘How Stronger Protection of Intellectual Property Rights Affects International Trade Flows’. In C. Fink and E. Mansfield (eds) Intellectual Property and Development: Lessons from Recent Economic Research. New York: World Bank/Oxford University Press. (2004). Print. Foray, Dominique. Technology Transfer in the TRIPS Age: The Need for New Types of Partnerships between the Least Developed and Most Advanced Economies. Geneva international Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (2009). Gold, Richard E. Patents and Human Rights: A Heterodox Analysis. Journal of Law,Medicines and Ethics, 41(1) (2013):185-198. Perelman, Michael. â€Å"In Patents We Trust: How the U.S. Government Learned to Stop Worrying about Monopoly and Love Intellectual Property.† MR Zine (2005). Shimasaki, Craig D. The Business of Bioscience: What Goes into Making a Biotechnology Product. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009. Print. Smarzynska Javorcik, B. ‘The Composition of Foreign Direct Investment and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: Evidence from Transition Economies’. Journal of European Economic Review 48(1) (2004): 39–62. Vernon, J.A. ‘Examining the Link between Price Regulation and PharmaceuticalResearch and Development Investment’. Journal of Health Economics 14(1) (2005): 1–16. 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The History And Future Of Computers :: essays research papers

The History and Future of Computers With the advances in computer technology it is now possible for more and more Canadians to have personal computers in their homes. With breakthroughs in computer processing speeds and with computer storage capacity, the combination of this with the reduced size of the computer have allowed for even the smallest apartment to hold a computer. In the past the only places to have computers were military institutes and some universities; this was because of their immense size and price. Today with falling computer prices and the opportunity to access larger networks, the amount of computers has grown from just 10% in 1986 to 25% in 1994. Also, of the 25%, 34% of them were equipped with modems, which allow for connection to on line services via telephone lines. The primitive start of the computer came about around 4000 BC; with the invention of the abacus, by the Chinese. It was a rack with beads strung on wires that could be moved to make calculations. The first digital computer is usually accredited to Blaise Pascal. In 1642 he made the device to aid his father, who was a tax collector. In 1694 Gottfried Leibniz improved the machine so that with the rearrangement of a few parts it could be used to multiply. The next logical advance came from Thomas of Colmar in 1890, who produced a machine that could perform all of the four basic operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. With the added versatility this device was in operation up until the First World War. Thomas of Colmar made the common calculator, but the real start of computers as they are known today comes from Charles Babbage. Babbage designed a machine that he called a Difference Engine. It was designed to make many long calculations automatically and print out the results. A working model was built in 1822 and fabrication began in 1823. Babbage works on his invention for 10 years when he lost interest in it. His loss of interest was caused by a new idea he thought up. The Difference Engine was limited in adaptability as well as applicability. The new idea would be a general purpose, automatic mechanical digital computer that would be fully program controlled. He called this the Analytical Engine. It would have Conditional Control Transfer Capability so that commands could be inputted in any order, not just the way that it had been programmed. The machine was supposed to use punch cards which were to be read into the machine from several reading stations. The machine was supposed to operate automatically by steam power and only require one person there to

Chapter Syanade

Furthermore, following the Basic Education Curriculum, some enhancement, enrichment and upgrading of skills in Technology and Livelihood Education were made, wherein the students are required to undergo specialization using their basic academics in their chosen field like food trades, cosmetology, garments, agriculture, auto mechanics, radio chances, industrial electricity, civil technology, drafting, and computer technology. This enhancement paved the way of producing skilled graduates capable of employment, thereby fulfilling the school's mission and vision. Jacob Z.Gonzales Memorial National High School had been using the traditional way of teaching their students. Sometimes it's hard for the students to gather information for their assignments because of the limited number of books. It's also hard for the teachers to catch the attention of the students because sometimes they are not interested in a topic or lesson. Today we all know that technology continues to flow all over the world, computers are now more efficient to use because with the use of this device we can lessen our work. With the use of Information System for Science Subjects students can easily get information for their assignments.All students can easily understand some important or vocabulary words by the use of glossary which is also included in this system. This can also be used as the visual presentation of the teachers in teaching their students. The School of Jacob Z. Gonzales Memorial National High School has a unique equipments and facilities. They have here some computers and projectors which are provided in every room of the school. They also have their computer laboratory room that's why it is easy to use and install software or any system that will be beneficial for the school.Computer Aided Instruction is very applicable in a classroom setting specially in Environmental Science. It covers the five major themes: Human Population, Sustainability and Carrying Capacity, Urban World, Global Perspective, and Science and Values. The subject is more interesting when it integrates Computer Aided Instruction. Videos, Graphics, Text, and Sounds will be added n this software for better teaching and learning. The integration of multimedia and fresh information would help the teacher in teaching the subject and would help in getting the attention of the students.This kind of technology would be sufficient for learning especially for those who wants to excel in the subject Environmental Science. Multimedia as a part of the proposed Computer Aided Instruction would not only help the users but also to experience the innovative technology. Computer Aided Instruction for Environmental Science can be a powerful tool in education especially to those who need a large amount of reading. Students nowadays need a different kind of approach in learning, instead of traditional classroom teaching. 1. Statement of the Problem 12. 1 General Problem How to design an Information System fo r Science subjects Gonzales Memorial National High School? In Jacob Z. 1. 2. 2 Specific Problems 1 . How to design a System that will generate information about science? There is only limited number of books that's why the students find it difficult to search for their assignments. Also, the users could hardly find their needed information from the internet and library. 2. How to design a system that will help the teachers in providing a restoration for their teaching?Sometimes, the students are getting bored, listening to the lesson that their teacher is discussing in front of the class that's why the researchers choose to provide this system to make it easier for the teachers to discuss the lessons. The system can catch the attention of many students because once they open this program there is music, lots of animation and video presentations that can make the lessons more interesting. 3. How to design a system that will provide pictures and videos for presentation? Sometimes, it is hard for the teacher to discuss the lesson wherein there is need for a video presentation.The system will provide videos for the topic that is needed by the students and teachers. 1. Abject of the Study 1. 3. 1 General Objective The main objective of this system is to develop an Information System for Science subjects for high school which will provide pictures, videos and meaning of unfamiliar words. The researchers also acknowledged the use of Microsoft database to record the name and the score of the students who take the quiz in every science topic. The researchers also include here a login form which only the Science teachers can access to allow them to view the corded scores of their students.And also to know who among their students have taken the quiz. 1. 32 Specific Objectives 1. To design a system that will generate information. The system will provide a list of vocabulary words with its corresponding meaning so that the student will easily understand it. The researcher s have provided a glossary in every subject so that they can easily find the meaning of the unfamiliar words. 2. To design a system that will help the teachers in providing a presentation for their teaching. The teachers can easily use the system using a projector. 3. To design a system that will provide pictures and videos for presentation.

Chick-Fil-A

Chick-Fil-A is a fast food restaurant based off a religious based principle. Truett Cathy the founder of the company always put his religious beliefs ahead of all things. All Chick-Fil-A's are closed on Sundays so that the employees of the company can attend church (Chick-Fil-A). Truett Cathy opened his own Diner at the age of 25. Truett and his brother Ben opened up the Dwarf Grill in Hapeville, Georgia, a suburban area in Atlanta Georgia, in 1946, after Truett Cathy was discharged from the U.S. Army. The two brothers wanted to build the fast food restaurant near a striving company, which was a Ford Auto plant. Hoping that hungry employees would come and buy, and it worked. Truett and Ben noticed when they were serving the customers, they were taking rolls and chicken, turning them into a sandwich. Giving them and ideal for the concept of Chick-Fil-A. Tragedy Truett's brother Ben and another brother were killed in a plan crash but Truett continued to run the Dwarf House which before was the Dwarf Grill. The Dwarf Grill soon became a franchised throughout the Atlanta area (The balance small business). A Chick-Fil-A manager in Texas decided to post a list of banned words and phrases on Reddit. That list of words went viral. Chick-Fil-A has not responded to that list of banned words yet. Eric the manager at the Texas Chick-Fil-A listed the unacceptable slang workplace phrase because he believes in the command: â€Å"You will speak properly when you walk through these doors† (Suhay). The list of words included: â€Å"cuz,† â€Å"Bae,† â€Å"Bruh,† and other urban terms. Also, on that list was the word â€Å"Ebola† because some of the employees have accused people in the establishment of having the deadly disease while working (Suhay). Gottsman suggest that, â€Å"Slang and business really do not go hand-in-hand† (Suhay). Gottsman, who coaches major corporations and university students made a rare appearance to help a group of teenagers learn proper businesses and interview protocols in preparation for college and scholarship interviews. (Suhay). Gottsman says,† It shouldn't matter that this is a fast food establishment. Employees should be ambassadors of the company they work for† (Suhay). Organization behaviors impacts the success of the company. A company that have motivated, engaged employees with clear goals that aligned with the company's strategy, creates a successful company. Organization behavior can help a company perform well (Managing People and Organizations 8). It is important when working in an establishment, speaking well and clearly to the customers possess as good communication skills. Communication allows us to form connection. Influence decisions and motivate change. Decisions that the leaders make tend to help mold the culture of the company. Making the wrong decisions can have a great impact on the business or organization. Leaders have a responsibility to make the right decisions for everyone involved. Truett created a successful business at Chick-Fil-A's because of a highly effective business model. He created something bigger than himself based on his leadership style. â€Å"They've experienced a more than 10% sales increase almost every year since launching in 1946. Franchisees retention rate has been 96% for nearly 50 years, while the corporate staff retention rate has hovered at 95-97% over the same time period† (Forbes Magazine). Letting your employees know that you are there for them is team building practice. Chick-Fil-A believes that all business leaders can introduce growth and development for their own companies. The company encourages its staff to develop different programs; plans and support them by providing budget necessary class, books, training and conferences to help with team building within the company. Chick-Fil-A is one of the largest privately-owned restaurant chains with 1,450 restaurants in 38 states, with its charitable sponsor of religious and community groups world wide (Vivian). Building trust, mitigating conflicts, encouraging the communities and increasing collaboration is what Chick-Fil-A does. Every single Chick-Fil-A is closed on Sundays; Truett Cathy says, â€Å"Our decision to close on Sundays was a way of honoring God and directing attention [on] things [that are more] important than [the] business† (Vivian). Spending time with family and having time to recover from a hard week of work; helps the moral of the employees to have a common goal, allowing bonding to happen more organically and far more effectively for the company. The successful chain has used it success to commit to education. Earning $25 million dollars in Leadership Scholarships, the company has allocated $1.4 million of that to be awarded to its team members of the fast food chain (Vivian). Team building expands not only to the employee but the customers too. Cow Appreciation Day is a day costumer get to dress up like a cow and receive a free chicken sandwich. The appreciation day is to show their thanks to the loyalty of the customer's. Because of the team building this company haves not only for their employees but for the customers; they have a large and growing base of Chick-Fil-A fans around the world (Vivian). Process gain plays an important role in team building it is part of the performance improvement. That is when people work together and not independent (Management People and Organization 268). Chick-Fil-A is always trying new things with their staff that can generate good vibes among the employees, which benefits the business. Team togetherness builds results for the business long term. Socializing and making friends in the workplace is a great way to increase productivity in the company. Its increases morale in the workplace and a better way of solving everyday workplace issues. When a business provides team building activities together, employees have a better understanding of others weakness, strengths and interest.This helps with better understanding to work together on future progress, which is vital to the company. Chick-Fil-A has build Social Facilitation, this happens when the employees and staff are motivated to look and feel good to others and maintain a positive image (Management People and Organization 269). Chick-Fil-A has established team efficacy, it shares beliefs that can be organized and execute the behaviors in it company (Management People and Organization 269). Improving productivity can be a difficult thing to do in a business. You can not always tell which solutions are right for the company. Trying solutions one at a time can be time consuming and expensive. The best approach is to take steps that are necessary to get your staff and employees on board. One approach Chick-Fil-A will plan to try and that is broaden their appeal to the Millennial market. The Millennials will broaden Chick-Fil-A's national and, ultimately, international growth plans (Horovitz). Chick-Fil-A also plans to replace all of it's current salads and replacing them with an entirely new salad, focusing on fresh ingredients (Horovitz). The company will introduce new wraps and post calorie counts on new menu boards (Horovitz).  This fast food restaurant knows that it needs to be able to look at what is working well and where there is room for improvement. The workers of a business are the ones who are immersed in the production processes on a daily basis, so empowering them on developing ideals for improvement for the company, is always a great thing to do. Workers who feel empowered are more likely to demonstrate increased productivity. Chick-Fil-A has exceptional service, quick service and cleanliness because of the hard workers. Many of the franchisees offer training classes for their employees to earn certificates in managing food, labor cost managing conflicts in restaurants and other areas of expertise with in the company.

Strong Quotes to Discover Your Inner Strength

Strong Quotes to Discover Your Inner Strength Everyone deals with low self-esteem or a lack of self-confidence from time to time. Its not easy to face hardships with a smile, nor should you try to; unresolved stress or anxiety can manifest itself in many negative ways (including physical illness).   But sometimes we just need a little nudge to try to get out of a rut or to keep going on a path that seems long and arduous. Hope can help us emerge from difficult situations feeling stronger and wiser.   Here are some quotes about finding that inner strength, from people who have faced hardship, to inspire you to keep going.   Inner Strength Quotes from Politicians Solitary trees, if they grow at all, grow strong.Too often the strong, silent man is silent only because he does not know what to say, and is reputed strong only because he has remained silent. -    Winston Churchill.  The legendary British Prime Minister, who was shot at during the Boer War and guided his country through World War II, was never at a loss for words.   A woman is like a tea bag - you cant tell how strong she is until you put her in hot water. - Eleanor Roosevelt.  Although Roosevelt changed forever the office of First Lady, acting as an advocate for women, minorities, and the poor, she had much hardship in her life, including being orphaned at age 10.   The strong man is the one who is able to intercept at will the communication between the senses and the mind. -   Napoleon Bonaparte Do not pray for easy lives. Pray to be stronger men. -   John F. Kennedy It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men. -   Frederick Douglass You are never strong enough that you dont need help. -   Cesar Chavez Inner Strength Quotes from Writers Character is higher than intellect. A great soul will be strong to live as well as think. -    Ralph Waldo Emerson. He rose to become one of the elder statesmen of literary circles in early America, but Emerson suffered both the loss of his wife not long after their wedding  and the early loss of his father, both of which affected him profoundly.   The world breaks everyone, and afterward, some are strong at the broken places. -   Ernest Hemingway. Although he was a highly influential journalist and novelist, Hemingway struggled with alcoholism and depression his entire life.   Nothing can dim the light which shines from within. ― Maya Angelou. The author had a difficult childhood which included being raped by her mothers boyfriend, but she went on to win numerous critical accolades and awards for her writing.   Inner Strength Quotes from Philosophers To keep the body in good health is a duty,   otherwise, we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear. ―Buddha That which does not kill us makes us stronger. ―Friedrich Nietzsche Look well into thyself; there is a source of strength which will always spring up if thou wilt always look. ― Marcus Aurelius

The Hunger Games Book One Review

The Hunger Games Book One Review In The Hunger Games, author Suzanne Collins has created a fascinating dystopian world. The Hunger Games is a compelling novel focusing on life in an authoritarian society in which young people must compete to the death in the annual Hunger Games. The main character, 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, volunteers for the Hunger Games to keep her younger sister from being required to participate and her experiences and fight to survive are the heart of the book. Reading The Hunger Games can lead to interesting discussions about our own world and how reality shows, threats of war, authoritarian governments and obsession with fashion trends influence us daily. Due to the darkness of the story, it is best suited for teens and adults rather than tweens, although many younger kids have read the book or seen the movie or both. Panem: the World of the Hunger Games Trilogy While the creation of Panem is not fully fleshed out until the second book, we know that this authoritarian society was the result of a horrible disaster during the Dark Days, resulting in the establishment of twelve districts under the rule of the government in the Capitol. Peacekeepers and a local government are instituted in each district, but the rulers in the Capitol have strict control over everything and everyone in each district. Each district has its own specialty that benefits the Capitol, such as coal mining, agriculture, seafood, etc. Some districts provide the Capitol with energy or material goods and some provide the manpower to keep those in the Capitol in power. The people who live in the Capitol contribute little to their own sustenance and are concerned mainly with the latest fashions and amusements. The Hunger Games are an annual tradition directed by the Capitol rulers, not only to amuse the citizens  but also to preserve control over the districts by demonstrating the Capitols dominance. Each year, the twelve districts must send two representatives, a girl and a boy, to participate in the Hunger Games. These representatives are called â€Å"tributes† to make people believe that representing their district is an honor, even though each person lives in fear that someone they love will be chosen. And the entire nation must watch as these 24 tributes battle each other to the death until only one is left as the victor. Having a victor is important to a district - extra food and a few luxuries will be granted to the winners district. The government has created the ultimate reality show, complete with technological challenges and constant monitoring of the movements of the participants. Each citizen is required to watch the Games until their conclusion, which may take hours or days. Summary of the  Story Sixteen-year-old Katniss Everdeen has been providing for her family since her father’s death in a mining accident. She has done this by illegally hunting beyond the boundaries of District 12 and using the game she kills for food or for barter. Through her skill with a bow and her ability to track and snare rabbits and squirrels, her family has been able to survive. They have also survived because Katniss signs up for the tessera, a ration of grain that is given in exchange for placing your name in the lottery for the reaping, the ceremony that determines who will be the district’s representative in the Games. Everyone’s name goes in the lottery from the time they reach the age of 12 until they turn 18. Each time Katniss exchanges her name for the tessera, her chances of being the one whose name is called increase. Only it isn’t her name that is called it is her sister’s. Prim Everdeen is the one person that Katniss loves above all others. She is only 12, quiet, loving and on her way to being a healer. She would not be able to survive the reaping and Katniss knows this. When Prim’s name is called, Katniss immediately volunteers to take her place as a tribute from District 12 to the Hunger Games. Katniss knows that it is not only her own life on the line in the games, but that others will benefit as well if she is the victor and her skills as a hunter will give her an edge in the Games. But her life as a tribute becomes more complicated by the other tribute from District 12. Peeta Mellark, the baker’s son, is a boy that Katniss owes a favor because of a kindness that he showed her when she was most desperate and her family’s survival was at stake. And Katniss knows that now her survival will mean his death. Katniss is whisked away from her family and Gale, her best friend and hunting partner, to the Capitol, where she is prepped and primped to participate in the Games. She and Peeta are to be mentored by Haymitch, the only tribute that District 12 has had who was a winner of the Games. But Haymitch is a reluctant and seemingly inadequate mentor, so Katniss realizes she must rely on her own strengths in order to survive. As the first book of the trilogy, The Hunger Games is compelling reading and makes the reader want to read the next book immediately to find out what happens to Katniss and Peeta. Katniss is a strong character who solves her own problems and takes charge of her own life. Her struggles with her divided affections between two boys are realistically portrayed but not overwrought. And her tendency to inadvertently create problems can spark many conversations about whether she was right or wrong and whether she stayed true to who she is. Katniss is a character that readers will not soon forget. About the Author, Suzanne Collins With the Hunger Games trilogy, Suzanne Collins, award-winning author of the Underland Chronicles, brings her talents to a new trilogy aimed at a more mature audience than her books about Gregor, the Overlander. Collins was named one of Time Magazine’s 100 Most Influential People in 2010, an honor that was based on the popularity of the first two books in the Hunger Games trilogy. In its popularity and impact, the trilogy has been compared to other popular fantasy novels for young people, such as the Twilight series and the Harry Potter series. Collins’ experience as a television writer enables her to create stories that appeal to tweens and teens. Suzanne Collins also wrote the screenplay for the movie adaptations of The Hunger Games. Review and Recommendation The Hunger Games will appeal to teens, ages 13 and up. The 384-page book contains violence and strong emotions so younger tweens may find it disturbing. The writing is excellent and the plot propels the reader through the book at a rapid rate. This book has been chosen by Kansas State University to be given to all of the incoming freshmen to read so that they will all be able to discuss it throughout the campus and in their classes. It has also become assigned reading in many high schools. The book is rich in discussion points not only about governments, personal freedom, and sacrifice but also about what it means to be yourself and not submit to society’s expectations. For information on challenges to the book, see The Hunger Games Trilogy. (Scholastic Press, 2008. ISBN: 9780439023481) Edited March 5, 2016 by Elizabeth Kennedy Disclosure: A review copy was provided by the publisher. For more information, please see our  Ethics Policy.

Process-analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Process-analysis paper - Essay Example The parts can be small or larger depending on the stylist or individual receiving the hairstyle. oilier. This makes the dreads come untwisted. Braiding, ratting, flat ironing, and using a towel with beeswax can achieve dreads. Sometimes if this does not work, hair extensions can be braided into the hair. Dread hair extensions can also be sewn into shorter hair to make the hair style. Dreads to not have to be created through neglect or not washing the hair. In fact, today dreads need to be cared for more than other hairstyles. Dreads can be washed frequently by pouring shampoo onto the dreads and letting them soak. Then water can be used to rinse out the dreads. Towels will be used to squeeze the water out of each individual dread. This can be done every other day, weekly, or even monthly. It is important to use conditioners on dreads so the hair will not break off. Most individuals chose to go to a professional to have their hair done. The process is done first and then followed up monthly. The monthly treatments are when the dreads are ratted or twisted again. It takes about two hours initially and an hour for the monthly touchups. Another way to protect dreads from untwisting or coming out is to wear a scarf to bed. This helps protect the dreads from tossing and turning at night. A scarf will also allow the dreads to remain twisted longer. It is important that dreads are totally dry before putting a scarf on or going to bed. Dreadlocks are easy to complete at home or at a professional shop. They are no longer the dirty or unkempt hairstyle of the 70’s. All hairstyles can be shaped into dreads. Boys and girls of all colors now wear this popular style. If done right, dreadlocks are a clean and attractive

Care of the highly dependent postoperative patient Essay

Care of the highly dependent postoperative patient - Essay Example He had a bloc resection of rectal cancer and had been treated with sigmoid colectomy. Right hemicolectomy fallowed by HIPES (treated intra peritoney chemotherapy) solitary liver metastasis. The patient came into recovery room breathing spontaneously. His blood pressure was110/60. His pulse 82, resps 9, SpO2 with oxygen 40% via face mask. Right Jugular CVP line left hand arterial line, intercostals x2, bupivacain 0.25%. Silicon drain and abovac plasma lite 1000. I.V. continued. CVP and arterial line has been attached to monitor. First 1/2 hour patient observation was done every 5 min.-ABCDE was administered. After 15 min. BP-high, puls-100, RR-normal. On question are u in pain, patient answer severe pain. Morphine PCA attached and explained how to use, continued with boluses of 2.5mg, morphine via PCA pump. After 1/2 hour arterial blood gas sample done, showing respiratory acidosis. Patient is with urinal catheter, urine output monitoring hourly. Fluids maintenance done, fluid balance monitoring hourly for 24 hours. This paper explores the post operative care of this patient. Variables such as the level of debility before surgery, operate complexity and severity of underlying cirrhosis appear to significantly influence the rapidity at which a patient progresses through his or her early postoperative recovery stage (Leaper, & Whitaker, 2010). Most of the key liver resections are attributed to the liver’s regenerative capacity. They are well tolerated by patients and it is rare for patients to experience biochemical abnormalities. Patients having compensated liver cirrhosis and the complications that come with it are more susceptible to intraoperative blood losses that make the organ functions to deteriorate and lead to the loss of its reserve capacity to withstand stress causing life-threatening complications (Leaper, & Whitaker, 2010).

Unnatural Causes Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unnatural Causes - Movie Review Example Social class and racism are not natural causes for sickness and hence the title of the film ‘unnatural causes’. The film is similar with other media that I have seen, read, and heard on the issues of health disparities and how it relates to one’s social class in that people in the lower social class are prone to disempowerment. Their economic status is low due to lack of the necessary resources and opportunities and hence they tend to get sick more often and their life expectancy is low. The people in this class are subject to chronic stress and cannot have access to better medical care services. They tend to get sick more often and hence live shorter lives. Exposure to chronic stress of race in a lifetime often leads to delivery of premature babies thus affecting health and life expectancy (California Newsreel, 2008). The film confirmed biases I had in regards to being poor rich, that wealthy people lead better, longer and healthy lives as compared to the poor (Haitkin, 2008). The question that surfaced for me during the film that I would like to know more about is how the health status of the low social class can improve. With America having the highest gross national product in the world, how can the poor have access to medical care and training on health issues? The statement that best describes what I learnt from the film is that health inequalities are not natural. This is because, health disparities that are because of racial and class inequities arise from the decisions the society makes (California Newsreel, 2008). As a future nurse, I propose that the society or the government should try to ensure that everyone gains access to health care regardless of their wealth in order to live longer and healthier